elk or wapiti

The elk or wapiti is one of the largest species of deer in the world and one of the largest land mammals in North America and eastern Asia. Elk are almost identical to Red Deer in Europe, of which they were long believed to be a subspecies; however, mitochondrial DNA evidence strongly suggests they are distinct species. Elk range in forest and forest-edge habitat, feeding on grass, leaves, and bark. Although native to North America and eastern Asia, they have adapted well to countries where they have been introduced, where their great adaptability may threaten endemic species and ecosystems. Male elk have large antlers which are shed each year. Males engage in mating behaviors during the rut, including posturing, antler wrestling (sparring), and bugling, a loud series of vocalizations which establishes dominance over other males and attracts females. Elk are susceptible to a number of infectious diseases, some of which can be transmitted to livestock. Efforts to eliminate infectious diseases from elk populations, largely through vaccination, have had mixed success. Some cultures revere the elk as a spiritual force. In parts of Asia, antlers and their velvet are used in traditional medicines. Elk are hunted as a game species; the meat is leaner and higher in protein than beef or chicken.

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